Glow Dark

BULOVA Twin Bell Glow in Dark Desk Table Travel Alarm Clockwith Free Shipping
BULOVA Twin Bell Glow in Dark Desk Table Travel Alarm Clockwith Free Shipping
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VINTAGE WESTCLOX BABY BEN ALARM CLOCK GLOW IN DARK HANDS  NUMBERS CLOCK WORKS
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Vintage Florn Travel Alarm Clock in Leather Fold Case and Glow in the Dark Hands
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SETH THOMAS Glass Glow in Dark Metal Alarm Desk Clock
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Set of 2 Vintage Wingard Glow in the Dark Office Home Desk Table Clock Decor
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Glow Dark
Glow Dark

How do Glow in the Dark Bracelets Work?

Glow in the dark bracelets and necklaces have become massively popular as a staple of the dance scene, and more recently, of a good night out anywhere: from a big club to your mate's bedroom. But very few people know anything about the technology behind them.

Glow in the dark bracelets and necklaces are made from glow sticks: translucent plastic tubes containing isolated chemical substances, which, when combined, produce light. This light comes from a process called ‘chemiluminescence,' which is caused by the chemical reaction produced when the different chemicals in the glow stick mix together, and doesn't need an electrical power source. Because it doesn't need any external power, glow sticks are actually used to provide light for military forces, police forces, and fire brigades – as well as for entertainment in clubs.

Glow sticks use a type of chemical called ‘fluorophores,' which has many different types which can be adapted for different uses. Part of their charm is their extreme reaction to ultraviolet light, which is what makes them such an essential for club parties. Few people know this, but you can also preserve the life of your glowstick by keeping it in the fridge or freezer for two or three hours, making it last for more than one night. This works because the cold gives a semi-solid state to the mixture of chemicals inside the glow stick, slowing down the photon release. However, this may lead to a slightly less bright glow stick. When heated, glow sticks become brighter; but this will make the glow stick's light die out sooner, so if you do this, be prepared and bring along a decent supply of sticks to last all night.

The journey which would lead to glow in the dark bracelets becoming commonplace fashion accessories started in scientific labs across America. There is no one single inventor of the magical glow stick formula; rather, many patents have been issued for different types of devices, and elements within the devices – mostly to people connected with the US Navy. But like many inventions, glow sticks have strayed far from the uses they were originally developed for. You almost certainly don't think of warships needing emergency light sources when you think of a glow stick, but of the final element of a great night out!

However, when you really think about glow sticks, it's obvious how unique they are. Not needing any external source of energy, they can stay dormant for a long time before they're needed. They're easy to work (just snap one end!) and are not fire hazards, as the light is created by phosphorescence, not fire or energy stimulation. They're also waterproof, inexpensive, and can tolerate high pressure: divers use them during night diving, as the perfect light source! They're also the only light source which is completely safe for use immediately after a natural disaster, bomb strike, etc, because they have no explosive electrical elements. When used for these purposes, of course, they're not brightly coloured and exciting: the dye used for ‘party' glow sticks is omitted, leaving a clear white light.

The popularity of glow sticks for one purpose – entertainment – though, has been incredible; even leading to the coining of a new verb, ‘glowsticking,' which refers to the use of glow sticks in dancing. Very popular during the dance scene, they can now be found at any outdoor festival all over the world, from Guy Fawkes' Night to Chinese New Year. Children love to use them as toys; which has the helpful side-effect of keeping them visible to their parents in dark, crowded situations.

So next time you go out bedecked in glow in the dark bracelets and necklaces, you might like to remember the amazing technology that actually goes into making your party companions. Alternatively, as Lady Gaga says, just dance – and enjoy the magical effects that glow sticks can bring!

About the Author

James Cameron wrote the Article about glow in the dark bracelets and found the following website useful http://uk.ask.com/wiki/Glow-in-the-dark

How is it that things can glow in the dark?

For example, like a glow the dark tshirt? How is it producing photons, that we interpret at light?

Thanks,

This is actually an extremely complicated question, which requires a substantial knowledge of Quantum mechanics, especially with regards to spin angular momentum, orbital angular momentum, and state transitions. I'll pm you a longer answer when I work it up, but for now here is a quick summary.

First of all, when atoms absorb energy they enter higher energy states, so when they absorb light [a form of energy] they get excited and transition to a higher state. These higher states are unstable because they have a higher energy than the ground state, and nature likes systems with the lowest allowed energy. When states transition they need to release energy [because of energy conservation] and for electrons this is often emitted in the form of a photon (light).

Electrons have an intrinsic property known as "spin," which equals 1/2 or -1/2. It's not necessary to know the details, just that 2 electrons "couple" [meaning that you add their spins together] so that they [together] have spin 1 or 0. As you can see, 0 is the smallest and is therefore the ground state. The term for positive spin (1/2) is "spin up" or just "up," and for negative spin is "down." The ground state [0] is therefore achieved by having a combination of (up, down) coupling. This is a result of the Pauli Exclusion Principle [will not go into details] just in case you heard that term before.

Electrons also have "orbital angular momentum" these are actually what dictates the "orbitals" of atoms which you have likely seen in chemistry classes. For any atom, this can just arbitrarily start at some initial value, and then transitions to excited states are just larger values.

Now, let’s consider energy transitions with regards to Orbital angular momentum, and spin angular momentum, since the specifics of this is what causes phosphorescence. So, let’s say we have a regular atom in the ground state. In this case, the spin state is (up, down), and we have just some arbitrary starting orbital state. When hit with light, one of two things happens.
1) NORMAL: This is called the "singlet excited state" [just for reference if you want]. In this case, the spin state is still (up, down), however the orbital state of ONE OF the electrons increases. The transition back to the ground state is very fast, so light is quickly emitted. [with the lights on, the electrons gain energy, get excited, and then transition after an extremely short time. Once the lights are turned off, the electrons still excited will transition so quickly (nanoseconds) that you cannot even register with the naked eye the latent light emitted from the object.
2) PHOSPHORESCENCE: This is called the "triplet excited state." In this case both the orbital state of 1 electron, and the spin state (combination of the 2 electrons) increase. As we said before, the ground state of a pair of coupled electrons is (up, down) = 0, so therefore some excited states would be (up, up) and (down, down). (this state of transition is called 'triplet' because there is one more excited state, but it's dictated by weird quantum mixed state stuff and I won't get into it). This triplet excited state transition rarely ever occurs in most materials, but in some [such as phosphorous, where the name of the phenomenon is derived from] this occurs fairly frequently
What happens is that because there are essentially 3 different spin configurations in this level, the electrons tend to get trapped here for a while until they are just randomly able to get back to the ground state. What essentially happens is that when phosphorescent material is exposed to light for a long enough period of time, a large amount of the electrons get excited to this triplet state and are thereby trapped. Once the lights are turned off, some are randomly able to escape (via basic principles of probabilities in quantum), and as they transition back to the ground state they emit light, however, though some escape, many are still trapped in this higher state for a long period of time before they randomly achieve the transition. The "glow" of phosphorescent materials is the result of all the electrons slowly but surely transitioning back to the ground state.

Glow In The Dark by Chris Brown Lyrics + FULL Download

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